Ukuqhushumba Kweebhabhathane: Isikhokelo Sakho Esigqibeleleyo seDefoamer yeKhonkrithi

Molweni bantu, ukuba ukhe wamxuba ikhonkrithi waza wabona ezo ziduli zicaphukisayo zivela ngokungacelwanga okweendwendwe kwitheko, uyazi intloko ebuhlungu ezinokuyibangela. Ndingoyena mntu unokumthemba kuyo yonke into enento yokwenza nesithambisi sokumisa amadumb' amanzi kwikhonkrithi – sele ndineminyaka engaphezu kweshumi ndingene nzulu kule nto, ndilungisa imixube kwiindawo zokusebenza ukusukela kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo ukuya kwiipatio zasemva kwendlu. Namhlanje, ndiza kukuxelela yonke into malunga nokuba zezintoni na ezi zongezo zimangalisayo, kutheni ziguqula izinto kakhulu, nendlela onokuzisebenzisa ngayo. Thatha ikofu yakho, masingenelele ngqo emxholweni – ndiyazicingela la maba.

Okokuqala, yintoni kanye kanye i-defoamer ye-concrete? Khawufan' ucinge: xa usenza i-concrete, nokuba kusemkhenkceni oxubayo okanye kwi-wheelbarrow yakho ethembekileyo, umoya uvaleka kuloo mxube. Loo moya wenza ibubholo, kwaye xa uninzi kakhulu ubangela izikhewu zomoya kwi-concrete esele iqinile. Ezo zikhewu? Zifana nezikhewu zetshizi yaseSwitzerland – zibuthathaka isakhiwo, zisenza sibe nezimbobo, kwaye zibangela ukuqhekeka okanye umonakalo wamanzi kwixesha elizayo. Ii-defoamers ziqhawe ezingena ukuze zidilize eso sithambeko, ziqinisekisa ukuba ikhonkrithi yakho iyoma igudile, iqinile, kwaye ixine. Ngokwenene zi-surfactants okanye izidibanisi ezisekelwe kwisilicone eziphazamisa ubumanzi beziduli, zivumela umoya ukuba uphume ngaphandle kokuphazamisa umxube.

Kumsebenzi wam, ndibone iiprojekthi zisiya emazantsi ngenxa yokuba umntu othile enqabe kwi-defoamers. Thatha elo xesha loku galela isamente kwibhulorho – umxube wawunamaphuphu njengesoda esishukunyisiweyo, kwaye ngaphandle kwe-defoamer efanelekileyo, ngabe sigqibile sinecandelo eliqinileyo elinqabileyo elingazukukwazi ukumelana nokuhamba kwezithuthi. Ii-defoamer azikhethwa nje; ziyimfuneko kwikhonkrithi esebenza kakhulu, ingakumbi kwiindawo ezipompiweyo okanye ezishukunyisiweyo apho ukungena komoya kungumcimbi omkhulu.

Ngoku, masithethe ngendlela la maqhawe asebenza ngayo ngokwenene. Akuyonto inzima kakhulu, kodwa kukho ikhemestri enomdla ngasemva kwayo. Uninzi lwee-defoamers ziyi-hydrophobic – ziyayithiya amanzi – ngoko ke ziyasasazeka kumphezulu wamaqamza. Oku kwenza iindonga zamaqamza zibe buthathaka de agqabhuke, kukhululwe umoya obubanjisiwe. Cinga ngayo ngathi kukhwekhwetsha ibhaluni ngelityana, kodwa kwinqanaba elibonwa kuphela ngemayikroskophu. Iidefoamer zesilicone, umzekelo, zisebenza kakhulu kuba zihlala zizinzile kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu kwaye azisabeli nesamente. Emva koko kukho ezo zisekelwe kwi-oyile yeminerali, ezinexabiso eliphantsi kodwa zisenokungahlali ixesha elide kwiimeko ezinzima. Kwaye ungazilibali iidefoamer ze-polymeric; zifana nemela yaseSwitzerland, zisebenza ngeendlela ezininzi kwiidizayini ezahlukeneyo zomxube.

Ukukhetha uhlobo olufanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwindlela yakho yokwakha. Ukuba usebenzisa isamente eziqinisa ngokwayo (SCC), etshona okwebusi ngaphandle kokungcangcazela, ufuna isicimi-mbumbulu esingazukuphazamisa i-rheology – la ngamazwi anzulu athetha iimpawu zokutshona. Ndicele iidefoamers ezisekelwe kwipolyether kwezo misebenzi kuba zigcina izinto zihamba kakuhle ngelixa zitshayela isihlakahla. Kwelinye icala, kwikhonkrithi esele ixutywe, idefoamer elula esekelwe kwi-alcohol ingasebenza, ingakumbi xa ixabiso liyinto ebalulekileyo. Icebiso eliphucukileyo: hlala uqala uvavanye kwimixube emincinci. Ndifunde ngamava anzima ukuba into esebenzayo elebhu ingavele isihlakahla ngendlela eyahlukileyo kwindawo yokusebenzela ngenxa yobushushu okanye iintlobo zezinto ezidityaniswayo.

Iinzuzo? Tyhini, mandiqale phi? Ikonkrete eyomeleleyo ithetha izakhiwo ezihlala ixesha elide – sithetha ngeendleko ezincitshisiweyo zolungiso kunye nabathengi abonwabileyo. Ii-defoamers zikwaphucula ukulula kokusetyenziswa, ukuze iqela lakho lingalwi nomphunga oxubeneyo ngexesha lokufakwa. Ukongeza, ziphucula inkangeleko yomphezulu; akusekho mibimbi imbi okanye imingxuma efana neyobhontsi ebonisa ukuba umsebenzi wenziwe ngumntu ongekho chwepheshe. Ngokwendalo, ezinye ii-defoamers zale mihla aziyingozi kwindalo, zine-VOC ephantsi kwaye zihambelana nemigangatho yokwakha eluhlaza. Ngokwamava am, ukongeza nje i-0.1% ukuya kwi-0.5% ngokobunzima besamente kunokunciphisa umoya ongaphakathi ngesiqingatha, kwandise amandla okucudisa nge-10-20%. Oko kukonga imali yokwenene ekulungiseni.

Ukusebenzisa i-defoamer kulula, kodwa ukwazi ixesha elifanelekileyo kubalulekile. Zongeze kwangethuba kwinkqubo yokuxuba – kanye emva kwamanzi nesamente, phambi kwezinto ezidibanisiweyo (aggregates) – ukuze zisasazeke ngokulinganayo. Isixa esifanelekileyo sibalulekile kananjalo; ukuba uyongeza kakhulu, unokubulala i-air entrainment eluncedo eyenzelwe ukumelana nokuqina nokunyibilika. Ukuba awufaki ngokwaneleyo, i-foam iya kuba ngaphezulu. Ndisoloko ndicebisa ukuqala kwinqanaba elicetyiswe ngumenzi wemveliso uze ulungelelanise ngokusekelwe kumxube wovavanyo. Izixhobo ezifana nesivavanyi se-foam (ewe, ziyakho) zinokunceda ukulinganisa uzinzo.

Kakade, akukho nto igqibeleleyo. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo ziquka ukungahambelani nezinye izongezo – njengee-superplasticizers ezinokwandisa ukubila. Sendikhe ndaba nemixhu apho isisusi-mbumbulu singqubanise nesinciphisi-manzi, saza sagqibela siyinto enye eyimfumba. Isisombululo? Ukuvavanya ukungqubanani. Kwakhona, lumkela ukuxuba kakhulu; oko kufaka umoya ongaphezulu, kugqithisa nakweyona sisusi-mbumbulu igqwesileyo. Kwaye ngokugcinwa: zigcine zivaliwe kwaye zikude nezimo ezigqithisileyo, kungenjalo ziya kulahlekelwa ngamandla azo.

Xa sijonga phambili, ishishini lizele zizinto ezintsha. Izinciphisi-mbumbulu ezenziwe nge-bio ezisuka kwi-oyile zezityalo ziyanda ukuthandwa, zinciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwethu kwezinto ezenziwe ngamakhemikhali. INanotechnology nayo iyangena kancinci, ngeepartikheli ze-nano-silicone ezinika ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwembubululu. Njengomntu owakhe wavavanya iiprototypes, ndingakuxelela ukuba ezi zinto zinokuguqula ngokupheleleyo ikhonkrithi esebenza kakhulu (UHPC) yokwakha izakhiwo eziphakamileyo kakhulu kunye neebriji.

Ukuqukumbela, isisusi-mbumbulu sekhonkrithi sisenokungabi yeyona ncoko inomtsalane, kodwa zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ezingaxoxwayo ezigcina izakhiwo zethu zomelele. Nokuba ungumntu ozilungisela izinto ekhaya ulungisa indlela yakho yemoto okanye uyingcali kwiprojekthi enkulu kakhulu, ukungahoyi imbumbulu kufana nokungahoyi uphahla oluvuzayo – kuza kukubangela iingxaki kamva. Ukuba unomdla wokwazi ngakumbi, ndicele; ndineembali neenkcukacha ezininzi. Khumbula, umxube ongenamabhabhathane ngumxube onempumelelo. Hlala womelele njengetsimbi phaya!