I-Antifoam Esekelwe Emanzini: Iintshatsheli Ezilondoloza Indalo Ekulweni Ngebubhiliba

Molo, ukuba ukhe wasebenza kwindawo yoshishino apho igwebu liguqula umsebenzi otyibilikayo ube yinkathazo enkulu, uyazi indlela izinto ezisebenza ngayo. Njengengcali enamava kwihlabathi lokuqulunqa iikhemikhali, ndibe neminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabini ndigxile kwizithinteli-gwebu ezisekelwe emanzini, ndiye ndaxuba izisombululo kwizinto zonke ukusukela kumaziko okucoca amanzi amdaka ukuya kwiifektri zokutya. Ezi zithinteli-gwebu azisoloko ziphambili, kodwa zezo zigcina izinto zisebenza kakuhle kwaye zingonakalisi okusingqongileyo. Ndizibone zisindisa imeko amaxesha amaninzi endingenakubala, ingakumbi njengoko imithetho isityhalela ukuba sisebenzise iindlela ezingonakalisi kangako indalo. Kweli nqaku, ndiza kukucacisela ukuba zintoni na ezi zithinteli-mbumbulu zisekelwe emanzini, zisebenza njani ukulwa nombumbulu, iingenelo neziphene zazo, ukusetyenziswa kwazo ebomini, kunye nento elandelayo. Ukuba umbumbulu ukuphazamisa, oku kungakunika iingcebiso eziluqilima onokuthi ucinge ngazo.

Okokuqala, masicacisile ukuba sithetha ngantoni. Ii-antifoam ezisekelwe emanzini, ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba zii-aqueous defoamers, zizinto zokulawula ingqula ezinyibilikayo okanye ezisasazekayo lula emanzini. Ngokungafaniyo nezo ze-oyile okanye ze-silicone, ezi zakhiwe zisebenzisa amanzi njengesithwali, zixutywe nezinto ezifana nee-fatty alcohols, iipolygycols, okanye ii-ester compounds. Ezi zinto zihlala zixutywe zibe yi-emulsion ukuze zizinzile, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha songeza ii-surfactants okanye ii-polymers ukuphucula ukusebenza kwazo. Kwiminyaka yam yokuqala ndisenza la maxube, ndaqala ngemixube elula ye-polyethylene glycol, kodwa ngoku sisebenzisa imixube ephucukileyo eyonakaliswa lula yindalo kwaye enama-VOC aphantsi. Umba ongundoqo? Ziyilelwe ukuba zingonakalisi kangako kokusingqongileyo, zibola ngokwendalo zingashiyi masalela angathandekiyo.

Ibhubhlu ivela kwiindawo ngeendawo, kwaye iyadika ngokugqithisileyo—iphazamisa. Yenzeka xa umoya uvaleleka kulwelo, ubanjwe zizinto ezisebenza kumphezulu njengesepha, iiproteni, okanye iikhemikhali ezinciphisa uxinzelelo kumphezulu wokuqhawuka. Kumzi-mveliso wepeyinti, ukuxuba iipigimenti kunokwenza amafulegi agqithise kwizitya; ekwenzeni utywala, ukubola kweswekile kwenza intloko yefulegi evala imibhobho. Ucociwo lwamanzi amdaka ngumzekelo odumileyo: ukufakwa komoya kunika iintsholongwane amandla kodwa kwenza ifulegi evela kwiisepha ezisebenzayo nakwizinto eziphilayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuchithekeni, ekuncipheni kokuhanjiswa kweoksijini, kwanakwizingozi zokhuseleko. Ngaphandle kolawulo, ujongene nokumiswa komsebenzi, iindleko eziphezulu, kunye nezohlwayo ezinokubakho. Izithinteli-fulegi ezisekelwe emanzini ziyasebenza ngokujolisa kwezo ziduli ngaphandle kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi.

Basebenza njani lo mlingo wabo? Yindibaniselwano ekrelekrele yekhemistri ne-fiziksi. Xa zifakwe umlinganiselo, izithako ezisebenzayo ziyasasazeka kwiindonga zeqamza, zisusa izizinzisi kwaye zonyusa uxinzelelo lomphezulu ngokwaneleyo ukwenza iifilimu zingazinzi. Amaqamza ayadibana—anyukelana—akhule abe makhulu, aze aqhushube, evumela umoya ukuba uphume. IiPolyglycols, umzekelo, zisebenza “njengesicoci esichitha amafu” ngokudibanisa ii-lamellae (lawo manqanaba amancinci eebhubhu), ngelixa ii-asidi ezinamafutha zibonelela ngamandla okuchitha amanzi ukuze zikwazi ukugqobhoza. Into endiyithandayo ngezo zisekelwe emanzini kukudibana kwazo okukhawulezayo; akukho ngxaki yokwahlukana okufana ne-oyile. Kuvavanyo endilwenzileyo, zihlala zisebenza ngcono kwiimeko ezinogcino oluphantsi, njengeetanki zokuzinza, apho ukuzingisa kubalulekile. Ukongeza, ngenxa yokuba zinyibilika emanzini, kulula ukuzisebenzisa—akukho zixhobo zikhethekileyo zifunekayo.

Oyena mpumelelo mkhulu apha kukuba zilungele indalo. Nanjengoko iiarhente ezifana ne-EPA zinyanzelisa umthetho kwizinto ezingcolisayo ezingapheliyo, izithinteli-mbumbulu ezisekelwe emanzini zigqama kuba zihlala zibola ngokwendalo, zithathwa kwimithombo ehlaziyekayo efana namafutha ezityalo. Zinezinga eliphantsi lobutyhefu, nto leyo ezenza zikhuselekile ekunxibelelaneni nokutya (cinga ngezinto ezivunyiweyo yi-FDA zokuqhuba ubisi okanye iziselo) nakwi-ekhosistim ezibuthathaka. Ixabiso? Zikhuphisana ngexabiso, ingakumbi xa zisetyenziswa ngobuninzi, kwaye azifuni kulungiswa kakhulu kwi-pH okanye kubushushu. Ndikhumbula iprojekthi kwindawo yokuvelisa ubisi eMidwest: isixhobo esivela kwiiproteni zobisi besinqanda inkqubo yokubulala iintsholongwane (ipasteurization). Satshintshela kwisithibazi-mbila esisekelwe kwi-polyglycol, yaye asizange sinciphise nje isixhobo kodwa saphinda safikelela nezatifikethi zabo ze-organic, sanciphisa inkunkuma nge-25% saza sagcina yonke into ihambelana nemigaqo.

Ukusebenza ngeendlela ezininzi yenye into eyomeleleyo. Ezi zithinteli-nxweme ziza njengezixhobo ezixutyiweyo, iimulsion, okanye neempuphu zokuxuba ezomileyo. Kwizicoci ezinentsangu ephezulu, ezo zisekelwe kwi-ester ziyakwazi ukumelana; kwiijusi zeziqhamo ezin-asidi, iintlobo ezine-alkohol zithintela iincasa ezingathandekiyo. Zilungile kakhulu kwishishini lepulp nephepha, apho inxweme ye-lignin ingacimi lula, okanye kumashishini ezindwangu, zilawula amaqamza emvumba yokudaya. Xa kuthelekiswa nesilicone, esingumphumeleli ekumelaneni nobushushu kodwa sinokwakha kwimifuno yomzimba, iinketho ezisekelwe emanzini zicocekile xa zikhutshwa. Iioyile zeminerali zitshiphu kodwa zinefuthe—ezo zisekelwe emanzini ziyakuphepha olo bunyanyo, nangona zisenokufuna imilinganiselo ephezulu kubushushu obugqithisileyo (zifikelela kuphela malunga ne-100-120°C).

Kakade ke, akukho mveliso igqibeleleyo. Kwiinkqubo ezinamafutha kakhulu, zisenokungasasazeki kakuhle ngaphandle kwezongezo, nto leyo ekhokelela kulawulo olungaphelelanga. Ukukwazi ukubola ngokwendalo yinto elungileyo, kodwa kunokuthetha ubomi obufutshane bokugcinwa ukuba ayizinziswanga. Ukusebenzisa ngokugqithisileyo? Kungenzeka kubemfusa iimveliso ezicacileyo ezifana neziselo. Ndifunde ukuhlala ndiqala ndenze uvavanyo oluncinci: qala kwi-50-200 ppm, jonga ubude bexolo, uze ulungise. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahambelana kubalulekile—qinisekisa ukuba aziphazamisi ii-emulsions okanye ii-flocculants kumanzi amdaka.

Amabali okwenyani aqinisekisa oku. Kwindawo yokwenza iwayini eCalifornia endandiyicebisa, ukubola kwamaqunube ewayini kwakububula kakhulu, kuchitha imveliso. Umxube owenziwe ngokukodwa wamanzi one-esters ezinamafutha wayiphelisa le ngxaki, wonga iincasa kwaye wafikelela kwiinjongo zabo zozinzo. Kwishishini lamachiza, zisetyenziswa kwizikhongozeli zokubola ukugcina iinkcubeko zibubula kakuhle ngaphandle kokungcoliseka. Kwanakwizicoci zasekhaya, zithintela ukuphuphuma okukhathazayo koomatshini bokuhlamba.

Xa sijonga phambili, eli candelo lizele zizinto ezintsha. Kuvela i-antifoam efunyenwe kwizinto eziphilayo ezifana ne-algae okanye iintsholongwane, nto leyo ephucula ukubola kwayo ngokwendalo iye kufikelela kwi-100%. Ukudityaniswa kwe-nano-tech kunokuthetha ukuba kusetyenziswe imilinganiselo ephantsi kakhulu ukuze kufumaneke isiphumo esifanayo, nto leyo enciphisa iindleko ngakumbi. Ngenxa yokugxila kwimeko yemozulu, iindlela zokuvelisa ezikhupha ikhabhoni encinci ziyaphuhliswa—cinga ngeziseko ezenziwe ngokubolisa endaweni yezo zenziwe elebhu. Ngokoluvo lwam, njengoko ukunqongophala kwamanzi kusanda, ezi zinto ziya kuba yimfuneko kakhulu kwiindlela zokurisayikilisha amanzi kumashishini.

Ukuqukumbela, izithinteli-mbumbulu ezisekelwe emanzini zingqina ukuba ukukhetha izinto ezingayingozi kwindalo akuthethi ukuncama amandla. Zibe yeyona nto ndisoloko ndiyisebenzisa kwiseti yam yezixhobo, ziguqula ingxaki yembubulu ibe yinto etyhilelweyo. Ukuba usebenzela ukulwa iimbumbulu, zicinge—zinokuba nguncedo lwakho olukhusela indalo. Zama; iplanethi (kunye nengeniso yakho) iya kukubulela.