{"id":50,"date":"2025-04-16T09:40:31","date_gmt":"2025-04-16T09:40:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/?p=50"},"modified":"2025-04-22T10:04:23","modified_gmt":"2025-04-22T10:04:23","slug":"ako-vyrobit-odpenovac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/how-to-make-defoaming-agent\/","title":{"rendered":"Ako vyrobi\u0165 odpe\u0148ova\u010d"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ako vyrobi\u0165 odpe\u0148ova\u010d<\/h1>\n

Tvorba peny v n\u00e1terov\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch m\u00f4\u017ee sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 vznik povrchov\u00fdch defektov, ako s\u00fa rybie ok\u00e1, kr\u00e1tery alebo dierky. Aby sa to neopakovalo, formul\u00e1tori pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa protipenov\u00e9 a odpe\u0148ovacie pr\u00edsady - ich v\u00fdber a hodnotenie si v\u0161ak vy\u017eaduje d\u00f4kladn\u00e9 znalosti o mechanizme ich p\u00f4sobenia v r\u00f4znych n\u00e1terov\u00fdch syst\u00e9moch.<\/p>\n

\u00da\u010dinn\u00fd odpenova\u010d mus\u00ed by\u0165 rozpustn\u00fd v penivom m\u00e9diu, r\u00fdchlo prenika\u0165 do lamiel peny a r\u00fdchlo sa \u0161\u00edri\u0165 pozd\u013a\u017e rozhrania plyn - kvapalina.<\/p>\n

Polydimetylsilox\u00e1n (PDMS)<\/h2>\n

PDMS je ekonomick\u00fd, biokompatibiln\u00fd materi\u00e1l s mnoh\u00fdmi mo\u017enos\u0165ami vyu\u017eitia v mikrofluidike. Mo\u017eno ho pripevni\u0165 k polym\u00e9rom, sklenen\u00fdm a kovov\u00fdm komponentom a vytvori\u0165 z neho zabudovan\u00e9 zariadenia, pou\u017ei\u0165 ho ako elektroosmotick\u00fa \u010derpaciu membr\u00e1nu a dokonca ho mo\u017eno modelova\u0165 pomocou fotorezistu na vytvorenie mikrofluidick\u00fdch kan\u00e1lov.<\/p>\n

Na rie\u0161enie tohto probl\u00e9mu mo\u017eno PDMS oxidova\u0165 pomocou kysl\u00edkovej plazmy, \u010d\u00edm sa na jeho povrchu otvoria hydroxylov\u00e9 skupiny, ktor\u00e9 reaguj\u00fa s parami sililchloridu a vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa termin\u00e1lne skupiny, s ktor\u00fdmi reaguj\u00fa odpe\u0148ova\u010de. V\u00fdsledkom je, \u017ee odpe\u0148ova\u010de reaguj\u00face s t\u00fdmto povrchom vykazuj\u00fa men\u0161ie penenie a inhib\u00edciu ako tradi\u010dn\u00e9 silik\u00f3nov\u00e9 odpe\u0148ovacie pr\u00edsady, navy\u0161e s\u00fa v porovnan\u00ed so svojimi silik\u00f3nov\u00fdmi n\u00e1protivkami netoxick\u00e9, \u013eahko dispergovate\u013en\u00e9 a tepelne stabiln\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Silik\u00f3nov\u00e9 oleje<\/h2>\n

Silik\u00f3nov\u00e9 oleje sa spoliehaj\u00fa na rozdiely v \u0161pecifickej hmotnosti medzi vodn\u00fdm humorom a silik\u00f3nov\u00fdm olejom pri mechanizme odpe\u0148ovania, pri\u010dom vy\u0161\u0161ia \u0161pecifick\u00e1 hmotnos\u0165 vodn\u00e9ho humorom sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee sa pot\u00e1pa vo vn\u00fatri sklovcov\u00fdch dut\u00edn, zatia\u013e \u010do ni\u017e\u0161ia \u0161pecifick\u00e1 hmotnos\u0165 silik\u00f3nov\u00e9ho oleja sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee sa vzn\u00e1\u0161a, \u010d\u00edm vytv\u00e1ra tzv. vztlakov\u00e9 sily, ktor\u00e9 ho vyn\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa nahor.<\/p>\n

Lek\u00e1rske silik\u00f3nov\u00e9 oleje m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm odpe\u0148ovac\u00edm prostriedkom, preto\u017ee s\u00fa \u013eah\u0161ie ako voda a menia povrchov\u00e9 nap\u00e4tie, \u010d\u00edm sp\u00f4sobuj\u00fa praskanie penov\u00fdch bubl\u00edn. Okrem toho s\u00fa netoxick\u00e9 a \u013eahko sa rozp\u00fa\u0161\u0165aj\u00fa vo vodn\u00fdch roztokoch.<\/p>\n

protipeniv\u00e9 l\u00e1tky na b\u00e1ze silik\u00f3nu vy\u017eaduj\u00fa vysok\u00e9 koncentr\u00e1cie silik\u00f3nov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 toxick\u00e9 a \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pre \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie, zatia\u013e \u010do rastlinn\u00e9 oleje, ako je jojobov\u00fd olej, maj\u00fa podobn\u00e9 protipeniv\u00e9 schopnosti, ale s ove\u013ea ni\u017e\u0161ou \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165ou; navy\u0161e ich n\u00edzky obsah vody sp\u00f4sobuje, \u017ee dispergovanie je n\u00e1ro\u010dnej\u0161ie, ne\u017e sa o\u010dak\u00e1valo.<\/p>\n

Miner\u00e1lne oleje<\/h2>\n

Miner\u00e1lne oleje s\u00fa bezfarebn\u00e9 zmesi vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch alk\u00e1nov bez z\u00e1pachu poch\u00e1dzaj\u00face z miner\u00e1lnych zdrojov, ktor\u00e9 vznikaj\u00fa ako ved\u013eaj\u0161ie produkty pri spracovan\u00ed ropy na ropn\u00e9 produkty. Historicky boli zn\u00e1me aj ako biely alebo paraf\u00ednov\u00fd olej, a to z d\u00f4vodu nepresnosti ich n\u00e1zvu, ktor\u00fd odr\u00e1\u017eal skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee obchodn\u00edci \u010dasto nepotrebovali alebo nechceli presne pozna\u0165 zlo\u017eenie ka\u017ed\u00e9ho miner\u00e1lneho oleja, ktor\u00fd sa pred\u00e1val alebo pou\u017e\u00edval ako obchodn\u00fd tovar (Merriam-Webster uv\u00e1dza prv\u00e9 pou\u017eitie \"miner\u00e1lneho oleja\" u\u017e v roku 1771!).<\/p>\n

Miner\u00e1lny olej sa m\u00f4\u017ee \u010falej rafinova\u0165 na priemyseln\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely, aby sa odstr\u00e1nili pr\u00edsady, ktor\u00e9 by mohli by\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne \u0161kodliv\u00e9 pre \u013eudsk\u00fa spotrebu, \u010d\u00edm sa z\u00edska rafinovan\u00e9 miner\u00e1lne mazivo vhodn\u00e9 pre potravin\u00e1rske v\u00fdrobky a farmaceutick\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, ktor\u00e9 by mohli pr\u00eds\u0165 do styku s potravinami, vr\u00e1tane ak\u00fdchko\u013evek potenci\u00e1lnych probl\u00e9mov pri n\u00e1hodnom kontakte s potravinami.<\/p>\n

Potravin\u00e1rske miner\u00e1lne oleje s\u00fa vo v\u0161eobecnosti oleje bez chuti a z\u00e1pachu rozpustn\u00e9 vo vode, ktor\u00e9 poskytuj\u00fa vynikaj\u00facu ochranu proti kor\u00f3zii, tak\u017ee s\u00fa bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pre priamy kontakt s poko\u017ekou. Okrem toho pom\u00e1haj\u00fa udr\u017eiava\u0165 dehydrat\u00e1ciu na uzde t\u00fdm, \u017ee p\u00f4sobia ako ochrann\u00e1 bari\u00e9ra, ktor\u00e1 obmedzuje trans-epiderm\u00e1lne straty vody.<\/p>\n

Vo vode rozpustn\u00fd odpe\u0148ova\u010d<\/h2>\n

Vo vode rozpustn\u00e9 odpe\u0148ova\u010de maj\u00fa vynikaj\u00face odpe\u0148ovacie vlastnosti a mo\u017eno ich vyrobi\u0165 zmie\u0161an\u00edm poly\u00e9terom modifikovanej organickej zl\u00fa\u010deniny krem\u00edka s ni\u017e\u0161\u00edmi alkoholmi, povrchovo akt\u00edvnymi l\u00e1tkami a oxidom kremi\u010dit\u00fdm. V porovnan\u00ed s tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi miner\u00e1lnymi olejmi pon\u00faka tento odpenova\u010d v\u00fdhody preddisperzie a vy\u017eaduje menej energie na zapracovanie do n\u00e1terov\u00fdch syst\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n

Odpe\u0148ovacie \u010dinidlo p\u00f4sob\u00ed tak, \u017ee zost\u00e1va nerozpustn\u00e9 v penivom m\u00e9diu a zabra\u0148uje tesn\u00e9mu spojeniu medzi molekulami na povrchu filmu, \u010d\u00edm zabra\u0148uje povrchovo akt\u00edvnym l\u00e1tkam so stabiliz\u00e1ciou peny obnovi\u0165 pru\u017enos\u0165 filmu prostredn\u00edctvom Marangoniho efektu, a t\u00fdm zabr\u00e1ni\u0165 tvorbe peny. Okrem toho odpe\u0148ova\u010de funguj\u00fa tak, \u017ee podporuj\u00fa odtekanie tekut\u00e9ho filmu z penov\u00fdch bubl\u00edn, tak\u017ee praskaj\u00fa.<\/p>\n

\"odpe\u0148ovacie<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

How to Make Defoaming Agent Foam formation in coating films can cause surface defects such as fisheyes, craters or pinholes […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-50","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=50"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":65,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/50\/revisions\/65"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=50"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=50"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=50"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}