Ei, \u017emon\u0117s, jei kada nors mai\u0161\u0117te betono partij\u0105 ir steb\u0117jote, kaip tie \u012fkyr\u016bs burbuliukai pasirodo kaip nekviesti sve\u010diai vakar\u0117lyje, \u017einote, kok\u012f galvos skausm\u0105 jie gali sukelti. A\u0161 esu j\u016bs\u0173 \u017emogus, kuriam galite pasakyti visk\u0105 apie betono putok\u0161lius - jau daugiau nei de\u0161imtmet\u012f gilinuosi \u012f \u0161i\u0105 med\u017eiag\u0105, tobulindamas mi\u0161inius statybviet\u0117se nuo daugiaauk\u0161\u010di\u0173 pastat\u0173 iki kiemo teras\u0173. \u0160iandien papasakosiu, kas yra \u0161ie stebuklingi priedai, kod\u0117l jie kei\u010dia \u017eaidimo taisykles ir kaip juos panaudoti. Pasiimkite kavos ir pasinerkime \u012f tai, kas vyksta, be joki\u0173 puri\u0173 \u017eod\u017ei\u0173.<\/p>\n
Pirmiausia, kas yra betono put\u0173 valiklis? \u012esivaizduokite: kai beton\u0105 mai\u0161ote sunkve\u017eimiu-mai\u0161ykle ar savo patikimu karu\u010diu, srutose susikaupia oro. \u0160is oras sudaro putas, o per didelis jo kiekis sukelia oro tu\u0161tumas sukiet\u0117jusiame betone. \u0160ios ertm\u0117s? Tai tarsi \u0161veicari\u0161ko s\u016brio skylut\u0117s - jos silpnina konstrukcij\u0105, daro j\u0105 labiau akyt\u0105 ir sudaro s\u0105lygas atsirasti \u012ftr\u016bkimams ar vandens pa\u017eeidimams. Put\u0173 \u0161alinimo priemon\u0117s yra didvyriai, kurie suskaldo tas putas, u\u017etikrindami, kad j\u016bs\u0173 betonas kiet\u0117t\u0173 lygus, stiprus ir tankus. I\u0161 esm\u0117s tai pavir\u0161inio aktyvumo med\u017eiagos arba silikono pagrindo junginiai, kurie destabilizuoja burbuliukus, leisdami orui i\u0161eiti nesugadinant mi\u0161inio.<\/p>\n
Savo darbe esu mat\u0119s, kaip projektai \u017elunga, nes ka\u017ekas taup\u0117 putplas\u010dio med\u017eiagas. Pavyzd\u017eiui, vien\u0105 kart\u0105, kai buvo liejamas tiltas - mi\u0161inys putojo kaip suplakta gazuota limonada, o be tinkamo put\u0173 \u0161alinimo priemon\u0117s galiausiai b\u016btume gav\u0119 trapi\u0105 plok\u0161t\u0119, kuri neatlaikyt\u0173 eismo. Put\u0173 atitirpintuvai n\u0117ra tik papildoma \u012franga - jie b\u016btini auk\u0161tos kokyb\u0117s betonui, ypa\u010d naudojant j\u012f su siurbliu ar vibruojant, kai oro pritraukimas yra labai svarbus.<\/p>\n
Dabar pakalb\u0117kime apie tai, kaip \u0161ie blogiukai i\u0161 tikr\u0173j\u0173 veikia. Tai n\u0117ra raket\u0173 mokslas, ta\u010diau u\u017e jo slypi \u012fdomi chemija. Dauguma put\u0173 antipiren\u0173 yra hidrofobiniai - jie neken\u010dia vandens, tod\u0117l jie pasklinda put\u0173 burbuliuk\u0173 pavir\u0161iuje. Tai plonina burbuliuk\u0173 sieneles, kol jos ply\u0161ta ir i\u0161laisvina \u012fkalint\u0105 or\u0105. \u012esivaizduokite, kad tai pana\u0161u \u012f baliono d\u016br\u012f adata, tik mikroskopiniu lygmeniu. Pavyzd\u017eiui, silikonin\u0117s put\u0173 \u0161alinimo priemon\u0117s yra labai veiksmingos, nes jos stabilios auk\u0161toje temperat\u016broje ir nereaguoja su cementu. Dar yra mineralin\u0117s alyvos pagrindu pagamint\u0173, kurie yra pigesni, bet gali ne taip ilgai i\u0161silaikyti at\u0161iauriomis s\u0105lygomis. Ir nepamir\u0161kite polimerini\u0173 put\u0173 formuotoj\u0173; jie yra tarsi \u0161veicari\u0161kas peilis, universal\u016bs \u012fvairiems mi\u0161ini\u0173 projektams.<\/p>\n
Tinkamo tipo pasirinkimas priklauso nuo j\u016bs\u0173 s\u0105rankos. Jei dirbate su savaime sutank\u0117jan\u010diu betonu (SCC), kuris be vibracijos teka kaip medus, jums reikia putok\u0161lio, kuris nesugadint\u0173 reologijos, t. y. tek\u0117jimo savybi\u0173. Tokiems darbams rekomenduo\u010diau polieterio pagrindu pagamintus putok\u0161lius, nes jie i\u0161laiko skystum\u0105 ir kartu naikina putas. I\u0161 kitos pus\u0117s, betono mi\u0161iniams gali tikti paprastas alkoholio pagrindo put\u0173 \u0161alintojas, ypa\u010d jei kaina yra svarbus veiksnys. Patarimas: pirmiausia visada i\u0161bandykite nedideles partijas. I\u0161mokau, kad tai, kas veikia laboratorijoje, d\u0117l temperat\u016bros ar u\u017epild\u0173 tip\u0173 gali skirtingai putoti statybviet\u0117je.<\/p>\n
Nauda? O, \u017emogau, nuo ko man prad\u0117ti? Tvirtesnis betonas rei\u0161kia ilgesn\u012f statini\u0173 tarnavimo laik\u0105 - kalbame apie ma\u017eesnes prie\u017ei\u016bros i\u0161laidas ir laimingesnius klientus. Be to, putok\u0161liai pagerina apdirbimo savybes, tod\u0117l j\u016bs\u0173 brigadai nereik\u0117s kovoti su burbuliuojan\u010dia netvarka klojant beton\u0105. Be to, jie pagerina pavir\u0161iaus apdail\u0105; daugiau joki\u0173 bjauri\u0173 d\u0117mi\u0173 ar kori\u0173, kurie \u0161aukte \u0161aukia \"m\u0117g\u0117ji\u0161kas darbas\". Kai kurie \u0161iuolaikiniai putplas\u010diai yra ekologi\u0161ki, ma\u017eai laki\u0173j\u0173 organini\u0173 jungini\u0173 turintys variantai, atitinkantys ekologi\u0161kos statybos standartus. Mano patirtis rodo, kad \u012f cement\u0105 prid\u0117jus vos 0,1%-0,5% pagal svor\u012f, oro kiek\u012f galima suma\u017einti perpus, o gniu\u017edymo stipr\u012f padidinti 10-20%. Tai real\u016bs sutaupyti pinigai remontui.<\/p>\n
Naudoti putok\u0161l\u012f nesud\u0117tinga, ta\u010diau svarbiausia yra tinkamas laikas. \u012emai\u0161ykite j\u0173 mai\u0161ymo proceso prad\u017eioje - i\u0161kart po vandens ir cemento, prie\u0161 u\u017epildus - kad jie tolygiai pasiskirstyt\u0173. Taip pat svarbu ir doz\u0117; persistenkite ir galite sunaikinti nauding\u0105 oro pritraukim\u0105, kuris padeda u\u017etikrinti atsparum\u0105 \u0161al\u010diui ir at\u0161ilimui. Jei per ma\u017eai, laimi putos. Visada patariu prad\u0117ti nuo gamintojo rekomenduojamos normos ir j\u0105 koreguoti pagal bandomuosius mi\u0161inius. Tokie \u012frankiai kaip put\u0173 testeris (taip, tai yra dalykas) gali pad\u0117ti \u012fvertinti stabilum\u0105.<\/p>\n
\u017dinoma, niekas n\u0117ra tobula. Da\u017eniausiai pasitaiko nesuderinamumas su kitais priedais, pavyzd\u017eiui, superplastifikatoriais, kurie gali padidinti putojim\u0105. Man yra tek\u0119 naudoti mi\u0161inius, kuriuose putok\u0161lis susid\u016br\u0117 su vandens reduktoriumi, tod\u0117l viskas virto dvokian\u010dia katastrofa. Sprendimas? Suderinamumo bandymas. Be to, steb\u0117kite, ar nepermai\u0161ote mi\u0161inio, nes tada atsiranda daugiau oro, kuris u\u017ego\u017eia net geriausi\u0105 put\u0173 \u0161alintoj\u0105. Laikykite juos sandariai u\u017edarytus ir saugokite nuo ekstremali\u0173 s\u0105lyg\u0173, nes kitaip jie praras stiprum\u0105.<\/p>\n
\u017dvelgiant \u012f ateit\u012f, pramon\u0117je gausu naujovi\u0173. Vis labiau populiar\u0117ja biologin\u0117s kilm\u0117s putok\u0161liai i\u0161 augalini\u0173 aliej\u0173, ma\u017einantys m\u016bs\u0173 priklausomyb\u0119 nuo sintetini\u0173 med\u017eiag\u0173. Taip pat populiar\u0117ja nanotechnologijos, pavyzd\u017eiui, nanosilikono dalel\u0117s, kuriomis galima tiksliai kontroliuoti burbuliuk\u0173 susidarym\u0105. Kaip \u017emogus, i\u0161band\u0119s prototipus, galiu pasakyti, kad jie gali i\u0161 esm\u0117s pakeisti itin auk\u0161tos kokyb\u0117s beton\u0105 (UHPC) dangorai\u017eiams ir tiltams.<\/p>\n
Pabaigai nor\u0117\u010diau pasakyti, kad betono atitirpintuvas gal ir n\u0117ra pati seksualiausia tema, ta\u010diau jis yra nepamin\u0117tas naudingiausias naudotojas, u\u017etikrinantis tvirtas m\u016bs\u0173 konstrukcijas. Nesvarbu, ar esate savamokslis, taisantis va\u017eiuojam\u0105j\u0105 dal\u012f, ar profesionalas, vykdantis mil\u017eini\u0161k\u0105 projekt\u0105, ignoruoti putas yra tas pats, kas ignoruoti nesandar\u0173 stog\u0105 - v\u0117liau tai jums atsilieps. Jei domina konkret\u016bs dalykai, susisiekite su manimi; turiu istorij\u0173 ir specifikacij\u0173, kuri\u0173 galiu prira\u0161yti ne vien\u0105 dien\u0105. Atminkite, kad mi\u0161inys be burbul\u0173 yra laimingas mi\u0161inys. I\u0161likite tvirti kaip betonas!<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Hey folks, if you’ve ever mixed up a batch of concrete and watched those pesky bubbles pop up like uninvited […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-163","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-product"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=163"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":165,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/163\/revisions\/165"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=163"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=163"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/lt\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=163"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}