Bayan fiye da shekaru ashirin ina aiki a masana'antun maganin ruwan sharar gida na masana'antu da na birane, na koyi cewa kumfa \u0257aya ce daga cikin matsalolin da ke bayyana kamar sau\u0199i a takarda amma zai iya lalata ayyuka a hankali idan ba a magance shi yadda ya kamata ba. Kauri mai kauri a kan tankin aeration ko na biyu na tsarkake ruwa ba wai kawai yana nuna tarkace ba. Yana rage ingancin canja wurin iskar oxygen, yana \u0199ara ha\u0257arin kwarara lokacin guguwa, yana haifar da ha\u0257arin zamewa, kuma zai iya tura \u0199wayoyin abubuwa masu \u0199arfi ta kan weirs zuwa ruwan fitarwa na \u0199arshe. A mafi yawan lokuta, bambanci tsakanin tashar mai aiki daidaitacce da wadda ke fama da matsaloli akai-akai ya ta'allaka ne ga za\u0253ar da amfani da maganin hana kumfa (defoamer) da ya dace da sinadarai da ilmin halittu na maganin ruwa mai gurbatawa.<\/p>\n
Foam a cikin maganin ruwan sharar gida yawanci yana samuwa ne lokacin da sinadarai masu aiki a saman ruwa ke daidaita kumfa na iska. Wa\u0257annan sinadarai sun fito ne daga sabulai da surfactants a cikin najasar gida, amma sau da yawa suna da muni sosai a cikin ruwan masana'antu \u2014 furotin da kitse daga sarrafa abinci, lignin da resini daga masana'antar pulp da takarda, ko man fetur da mai daga matattarar mai da masana'antar sarrafa \u0199arfe. A cikin tsarin laka mai aiki, ha\u0257uwar \u0199ananan kumfa daga shigar iska da sinadaran polymeric na waje da biomass ke samarwa na iya haifar da kumfa mai \u0257orewa sosai da ba ta rushe da kanta. Da zarar wannan bargo na kumfa ya yi kauri, yana rufe saman ruwa, yana rage narkewar iskar oxygen, har ma yana iya \u0199arfafa girman zarurruka masu haifar da kumfa kamar Nocardia ko Microthrix.<\/p>\n
Mai rushe kumfa yana aiki ne ta hanyar tarwatsa fim \u0257in saman da ke ri\u0199e kumfa. An tsara ingantattun masu rushe kumfa na ruwan sharar gida don su yadu da sauri a saman haduwar iska da ruwa, su maye gurbin sinadaran da ke daidaita kumfa, sannan su sa bangarorin kumfa su yi siriri su fashe. Saboda ruwan sharar gida ba ya kasancewa tsabta sau da yawa, maganin hana kumfa dole ne ya yi aiki a cikin yanayin tarin barbashi masu rataye, bambancin pH, kuma wani lokaci zafin jiki mai yawa ko gishiri mai \u0199arfi. Dole ne ya yi hakan ba tare da cutar da tsarin maganin halittu ko haifar da sabbin matsaloli a matakan gaba ba.<\/p>\n
Ba duk maganin hana kumfa ne ya dace da tsarin magudanar ruwa na halitta ba. Kayayyakin da aka yi da siliki suna aiki da sauri kuma suna da tasiri a \u0199ananan dozu, amma wasu na iya rufe biomass ko rage yaduwar iskar oxygen idan aka yi amfani da su fiye da kima, kuma za su iya ci gaba har cikin tsarin tace ruwa har zuwa ruwan da ake zubawa. Man ma'adinai ko defoamers na hydrocarbon sun fi rahusa kuma ana amfani da su sosai, amma suna iya \u0199ara bu\u0199atar iskar oxygen ta sinadarai a cikin ruwan fitarwa kuma wani lokaci su hana bushewar datti. A 'yan shekarun nan, yawancin masana'antun sun koma amfani da magungunan hana kumfa da aka yi da barasa mai mai (fatty alcohol), man shuka, ko polymer, wa\u0257anda ke da mafi kyawun tasirin muhalli kuma gubarsu ka\u0257an ce ga halittu na ruwa. Wa\u0257annan za\u0253u\u0253\u0253uka sun fi dacewa da tsare-tsaren halittu masu saurin lalacewa, kodayake suna iya bu\u0199atar \u0199arin kashi ka\u0257an ko kuma a yi amfani da su a wurare masu bu\u0199atar kulawa sosai.<\/p>\n
A aikace, mafi kyawun sakamako na fitowa ne daga daidaita maganin hana kumfa da tushen kumfar da matakin magani. A cikin tankunan shigar iska, ci gaba da ba da magani a \u0199ananan matakai sau da yawa yafi tasiri fiye da \u0199ara magani gaggawa. Yawancin masana'antu suna zuba maganin hana kumfa kai tsaye cikin tankin aeration ko kuma a \u0253angaren gaba kafin shi ta amfani da famfon aunawa da aka ha\u0257a da na'urorin gano matakin kumfa ko ma'aunin lokaci mai sau\u0199i. A lokacin sarrafa datti ko a cikin tankunan narkar da abinci ba tare da iskar oxygen ba, ana iya bu\u0199atar wani samfur daban ko \u0199arin doza saboda sinadaran kumfar sun bambanta. Na ga lokuta inda maganin hana kumfa guda \u0257aya ya yi aiki da kyau a tankunan aeration amma ya haifar da matsaloli a tankunan tsarkakewa na \u0199arshe saboda ya shafi halayen sauka. Shi ya sa gwajin kwalba da \u0199ananan gwaje-gwaje a kan ruwan ainihin masana'anta suke da muhimmanci kafin a dage kan amfani da shi a cikakken mataki.<\/p>\n
Yawan kwayoyin magani yawanci yana tsakanin 5 zuwa 50 mg\/L gwargwadon tsanani kumfa da \u0199arfin samfur, amma ainihin mabu\u0257in shi ne amfani da maganin a kai a kai maimakon bin kololuwa da manyan kwarara. Yawan amfani da magani kuskure ne gama gari \u2014 yana \u0253ata ku\u0257i kuma wani lokaci yana \u0199ara tsananta kumfa ko haifar da wasu matsalolin aiki kamar \u0199aruwa a yawan datti ko matsaloli wajen tsarkake ruwa a mataki na gaba. Rashin isasshen amfani da magani yana barin matsalar kumfa a rabi ne kawai. Masu aiki nagari kuma suna lura da yadda mai kawar da kumfa na maganin ruwa mai gurbatawa ke shafar sauran sassan masana'anta. Wasu kayayyaki na iya rage tasirin tsarkakewar UV ko su jawo shigar sinadaran cikin ruwan fitarwa wanda ke keta iyakokin zubar da mai ko sinadaran surfaktant na gida.<\/p>\n
Daga \u0199warewa, masana'antun da ke \u0257aukar za\u0253in maganin hana kumfa a matsayin wani \u0253angare na cikakken sarrafa tsarin su maimakon tunani na \u0199arshe, sukan samu mafi kyawun sakamako. Suna bibiyar matakan kumfa tare da oxygen da aka narke, ma'aunin yawan laka, da ingancin ruwan fitarwa kafin da bayan canje-canje. Haka kuma suna aiki tare da masu kaya wa\u0257anda suka fahimci kimiyyar da ilmin halittu na maganin ruwan sharar gida, ba kawai wa\u0257anda ke sayar da magungunan kawar da kumfa na masana'antu na gama gari ba. A wani matattara na birni da na yi aiki a ciki, sauya daga emulsion na silicone na al'ada zuwa samfurin da aka fi mayar da hankali a kan acid mai ya rage matsalolin kumfa fiye da rabin kuma ya inganta canja wurin iskar oxygen har ya rage amfani da makamashi na aeration yadda ya bayyana.<\/p>\n
Tabbas akwai iyakoki. Babu wani maganin hana kumfa da zai magance matsalolin da ke \u0199asa kamar rashin kula da shekarun datti ko yawan amfani da surfaktant daga masana'antun sama. Na'urorin karya kumfa na injiniya, tsarin fesawa, ko canje-canjen \u0199ira na na'urorin yada iska na iya rage dogaro da sinadarai a wasu lokuta. Matsin doka ma yana tura masana'antun su koma amfani da za\u0253u\u0253\u0253uka masu guba ka\u0257an kuma masu iya lalacewa da kansu, wanda ke nufin ana soke tsofaffin kayayyakin mai ma'adanai a hankali a yawancin yankuna.<\/p>\n
A \u0199arshe, ingantaccen sarrafa kumfa a maganin ruwan sharar gida ya ta'allaka ne ga fahimtar sinadaran kumfa na musamman, za\u0253ar masu kawar da kumfa da ke aiki tare da tsarin halittarka maimakon su yi adawa da shi, da kuma amfani da su yadda ya kamata a wuraren da suka dace. Idan wannan ha\u0257in ya yi daidai, tsarin zai yi aiki cikin sau\u0199i, aminci zai \u0199aru, kuma za ka guji yawan gwagwarmayar da matsalolin kumfa ke haifarwa. Idan kuna fama da kumfa mai \u0257orewa, mataki na farko har yanzu shi ne na dade ina ba da shawara: ku ware lokaci wajen tantance halayen kumfar da gudanar da ingantattun gwaje-gwajen dacewa kafin ku tabbatar da za\u0253in samfur. Wannan \u0199o\u0199ari na farko kusan koyaushe yana haifar da aiki mai \u0257orewa daga rana zuwa rana.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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