Po v\u00edce ne\u017e dvaceti letech pr\u00e1ce s pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdmi a komun\u00e1ln\u00edmi \u010dist\u00edrnami odpadn\u00edch vod jsem se nau\u010dil, \u017ee p\u011bna pat\u0159\u00ed k t\u011bm probl\u00e9m\u016fm, kter\u00e9 na pap\u00ed\u0159e vypadaj\u00ed jednodu\u0161e, ale mohou nen\u00e1padn\u011b naru\u0161it provoz, pokud se s n\u00ed nezach\u00e1z\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u011b. Siln\u00e1 vrstva p\u011bny v provzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ei nebo sekund\u00e1rn\u00edm usazova\u010di nevypad\u00e1 jen neesteticky. Sni\u017euje \u00fa\u010dinnost p\u0159enosu kysl\u00edku, zvy\u0161uje riziko p\u0159ete\u010den\u00ed b\u011bhem bou\u0159ek, vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kluzk\u00e9 povrchy ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost a m\u016f\u017ee dokonce vytla\u010dovat pevn\u00e9 l\u00e1tky p\u0159es p\u0159epady do kone\u010dn\u00e9ho odtoku. V mnoha p\u0159\u00edpadech spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 rozd\u00edl mezi \u010dist\u00edrnou, kter\u00e1 b\u011b\u017e\u00ed stabiln\u011b, a tou, kter\u00e1 neust\u00e1le bojuje s poruchami, pr\u00e1v\u011b ve v\u00fdb\u011bru a pou\u017eit\u00ed spr\u00e1vn\u00e9ho odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010de, kter\u00fd je vhodn\u00fd pro dan\u00e9 chemick\u00e9 a biologick\u00e9 procesy p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod.<\/p>\n
P\u011bna p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod se obvykle tvo\u0159\u00ed, kdy\u017e povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky stabilizuj\u00ed vzduchov\u00e9 bubliny. Tyto l\u00e1tky poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z detergent\u016f a povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek v dom\u00e1c\u00edch odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch, ale v pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch toc\u00edch jsou \u010dasto mnohem z\u00e1va\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u2013 jedn\u00e1 se o b\u00edlkoviny a tuky ze zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed potravin, ligniny a prysky\u0159ice z celul\u00f3zov\u00fdch a pap\u00edrensk\u00fdch z\u00e1vod\u016f nebo oleje a maziva z rafin\u00e9ri\u00ed a kovozpracuj\u00edc\u00edho pr\u016fmyslu. V syst\u00e9mech s aktivovan\u00fdm kalem m\u016f\u017ee kombinace jemn\u00fdch bublin vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159i provzdu\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed a extracelul\u00e1rn\u00edch polymern\u00edch l\u00e1tek produkovan\u00fdch biomasou vytvo\u0159it velmi stabiln\u00ed a perzistentn\u00ed p\u011bnu, kter\u00e1 se sama nerozpad\u00e1. Jakmile se tato p\u011bnov\u00e1 vrstva zes\u00edl\u00ed, izoluje povrch kapaliny, omezuje rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed kysl\u00edku a m\u016f\u017ee dokonce podporovat r\u016fst vl\u00e1ken zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed, jako jsou Nocardia nebo Microthrix.<\/p>\n
Odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010d p\u016fsob\u00ed tak, \u017ee naru\u0161uje povrchov\u00fd film, kter\u00fd dr\u017e\u00ed bublinu pohromad\u011b. Kvalitn\u00ed odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010de pro odpadn\u00ed vody jsou vyvinuty tak, aby se rychle rozprost\u00edraly po rozhran\u00ed vzduch-kapalina, vytla\u010dovaly stabiliza\u010dn\u00ed povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00ed l\u00e1tky a zp\u016fsobovaly zten\u010den\u00ed a prasknut\u00ed st\u011bn bublin. Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee odpadn\u00ed voda je m\u00e1lokdy \u010dist\u00e1, mus\u00ed odpenova\u010d fungovat i v p\u0159\u00edtomnosti vysok\u00e9ho obsahu nerozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kol\u00edsaj\u00edc\u00edho pH a n\u011bkdy i vysok\u00fdch teplot \u010di slanosti. To v\u0161e mus\u00ed zvl\u00e1dnout, ani\u017e by naru\u0161il biologick\u00fd proces \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed nebo zp\u016fsobil nov\u00e9 probl\u00e9my v navazuj\u00edc\u00edch \u010d\u00e1stech procesu.<\/p>\n
Ne ka\u017ed\u00fd odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010d je vhodn\u00fd pro biologick\u00e9 \u010dist\u00edrny odpadn\u00edch vod. P\u0159\u00edpravky na b\u00e1zi silikonu p\u016fsob\u00ed rychle a \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b ji\u017e v mal\u00fdch d\u00e1vk\u00e1ch, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 z nich mohou p\u0159i p\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed pokr\u00fdt biomasu nebo omezit p\u0159enos kysl\u00edku a mohou pronikat p\u0159es \u010dist\u00edrnu do p\u0159ij\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed vody. Odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010de na b\u00e1zi miner\u00e1ln\u00edch olej\u016f nebo uhlovod\u00edk\u016f jsou levn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a \u0161iroce pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9, mohou v\u0161ak zvy\u0161ovat chemickou spot\u0159ebu kysl\u00edku v odtoku a n\u011bkdy naru\u0161ovat odvod\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed kalu. V posledn\u00edch letech p\u0159ech\u00e1z\u00ed st\u00e1le v\u00edce \u010dist\u00edren na odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010de na b\u00e1zi mastn\u00fdch alkohol\u016f, rostlinn\u00fdch olej\u016f nebo polymer\u016f, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edzniv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed environment\u00e1ln\u00ed profil a ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed toxicitu pro vodn\u00ed organismy. Tyto alternativy jsou zpravidla l\u00e9pe kompatibiln\u00ed s citliv\u00fdmi biologick\u00fdmi procesy, i kdy\u017e mohou vy\u017eadovat m\u00edrn\u011b vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vky nebo pe\u010dliv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed volbu m\u00edst aplikace.<\/p>\n
V praxi se nejlep\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdsledk\u016f dosahuje p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00edm odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010de zdroji p\u011bny a dan\u00e9 f\u00e1zi \u00fapravy. V provzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch \u010dasto l\u00e9pe funguje nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9 d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed v mal\u00fdch mno\u017estv\u00edch ne\u017e jednor\u00e1zov\u00e9 d\u00e1vky. Mnoho \u010dist\u00edren p\u0159iv\u00e1d\u00ed odpen\u011b\u010d p\u0159\u00edmo do provzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00ed n\u00e1dr\u017ee nebo t\u011bsn\u011b p\u0159ed ni pomoc\u00ed d\u00e1vkovac\u00edho \u010derpadla napojen\u00e9ho na sn\u00edma\u010de hladiny p\u011bny nebo jednoduch\u00e9 \u010dasova\u010de. P\u0159i manipulaci s kaly nebo v anaerobn\u00edch digesorech m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt zapot\u0159eb\u00ed jin\u00fd p\u0159\u00edpravek nebo vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vka, proto\u017ee chemick\u00e9 slo\u017een\u00ed p\u011bny je odli\u0161n\u00e9. Setkal jsem se s p\u0159\u00edpady, kdy jeden konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010d fungoval dob\u0159e v provzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, ale zp\u016fsobil probl\u00e9my v kone\u010dn\u00fdch usazovac\u00edch n\u00e1dr\u017e\u00edch, proto\u017ee ovliv\u0148oval vlastnosti usazov\u00e1n\u00ed. Proto jsou p\u0159ed zaveden\u00edm do pln\u00e9ho provozu nezbytn\u00e9 testy v zkumavk\u00e1ch a zkou\u0161ky v mal\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku na skute\u010dn\u00e9 vod\u011b z \u010dist\u00edrny.<\/p>\n
D\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed se obvykle pohybuje v rozmez\u00ed 5 a\u017e 50 mg\/l v z\u00e1vislosti na intenzit\u011b p\u011bn\u011bn\u00ed a koncentraci p\u0159\u00edpravku, av\u0161ak kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 je sp\u00ed\u0161e d\u016fsledn\u00e9 d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e snaha o dosa\u017een\u00ed \u0161pi\u010dkov\u00fdch hodnot pomoc\u00ed velk\u00fdch jednor\u00e1zov\u00fdch d\u00e1vek. P\u0159ed\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed je \u010dastou chybou \u2013 vede k pl\u00fdtv\u00e1n\u00ed pen\u011bzi a n\u011bkdy m\u016f\u017ee p\u011bnu je\u0161t\u011b zhor\u0161it nebo zp\u016fsobit dal\u0161\u00ed provozn\u00ed pot\u00ed\u017ee, jako je zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00fd objem kalu nebo probl\u00e9my s n\u00e1slednou dezinfekc\u00ed. Nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 d\u00e1vkov\u00e1n\u00ed vy\u0159e\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9m s p\u011bnou pouze z poloviny. Zku\u0161en\u00ed provozn\u00ed pracovn\u00edci tak\u00e9 v\u011bnuj\u00ed pozornost tomu, jak odpen\u011b\u010d pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod ovliv\u0148uje ostatn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti \u010dist\u00edrny. N\u011bkter\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edpravky mohou sn\u00ed\u017eit \u00fa\u010dinnost UV dezinfekce nebo zp\u016fsobit p\u0159enos do odpadn\u00ed vody, \u010d\u00edm\u017e dojde k poru\u0161en\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch limit\u016f pro vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed olej\u016f nebo povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00edch l\u00e1tek.<\/p>\n
Zku\u0161enosti ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee nejlep\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdsledky dosahuj\u00ed z\u00e1vody, kter\u00e9 v\u00fdb\u011br odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010d\u016f pova\u017euj\u00ed za sou\u010d\u00e1st celkov\u00e9ho \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed procesu, a ne za n\u011bco, co se \u0159e\u0161\u00ed a\u017e dodate\u010dn\u011b. Sleduj\u00ed hladinu p\u011bny spolu s obsahem rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho kysl\u00edku, indexem objemu kalu a kvalitou odpadn\u00ed vody p\u0159ed a po proveden\u00fdch zm\u011bn\u00e1ch. Spolupracuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 s dodavateli, kte\u0159\u00ed rozum\u011bj\u00ed jak chemii, tak biologii \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod, a ne pouze s t\u011bmi, kte\u0159\u00ed prod\u00e1vaj\u00ed b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010de. V jedn\u00e9 komun\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010dist\u00edrn\u011b, se kterou jsem spolupracoval, p\u0159echod ze standardn\u00ed silikonov\u00e9 emulze na c\u00edlen\u011bj\u0161\u00ed produkt na b\u00e1zi mastn\u00fdch kyselin sn\u00ed\u017eil poruchy souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s p\u011bnou o v\u00edce ne\u017e polovinu a zlep\u0161il p\u0159enos kysl\u00edku natolik, \u017ee se v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eila spot\u0159eba energie na provzdu\u0161\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n
Samoz\u0159ejm\u011b existuj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e1 omezen\u00ed. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00fd odpen\u011b\u010d nedok\u00e1\u017ee vy\u0159e\u0161it z\u00e1kladn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, jako je nedostate\u010dn\u00e1 kontrola st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed kalu nebo nadm\u011brn\u00e9 zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed povrchov\u011b aktivn\u00edmi l\u00e1tkami z navazuj\u00edc\u00edch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch odv\u011btv\u00ed. Mechanick\u00e9 odpe\u0148ova\u010de, rozst\u0159ikovac\u00ed syst\u00e9my nebo \u00fapravy konstrukce provzdu\u0161\u0148ovac\u00edch difuzor\u016f mohou n\u011bkdy sn\u00ed\u017eit z\u00e1vislost na chemick\u00fdch l\u00e1tk\u00e1ch. Regula\u010dn\u00ed tlak tak\u00e9 nut\u00ed \u010dist\u00edrny k volb\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b toxick\u00fdch a biologicky rozlo\u017eiteln\u00fdch alternativ, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee star\u0161\u00ed produkty na b\u00e1zi miner\u00e1ln\u00edch olej\u016f jsou v mnoha regionech postupn\u011b vy\u0159azov\u00e1ny z provozu.<\/p>\n
\u00da\u010dinn\u00e1 kontrola p\u011bny p\u0159i \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod nakonec spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pochopen\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho chemick\u00e9ho slo\u017een\u00ed p\u011bny, v\u00fdb\u011bru odp\u011b\u0148ova\u010d\u016f, kter\u00e9 spolupracuj\u00ed s biologick\u00fdm procesem, a ne proti n\u011bmu, a v jejich d\u016fsledn\u00e9m pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed na spr\u00e1vn\u00fdch m\u00edstech. Je-li tato kombinace spr\u00e1vn\u00e1, za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed b\u011b\u017e\u00ed plynuleji, zvy\u0161uje se bezpe\u010dnost a vy se vyhnete neust\u00e1l\u00e9mu ha\u0161en\u00ed po\u017e\u00e1r\u016f, kter\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s p\u011bnou obvykle zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed. Pokud se pot\u00fdk\u00e1te s p\u0159etrv\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u011bnou, prvn\u00ed krok je st\u00e1le stejn\u00fd, jak\u00fd doporu\u010duji ji\u017e \u0159adu let: v\u011bnujte \u010das charakterizaci p\u011bny a proveden\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dn\u00fdch test\u016f kompatibility, ne\u017e se rozhodnete pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed produkt. Tato po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed snaha se t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u017edy vyplat\u00ed v podob\u011b stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00edho ka\u017edodenn\u00edho provozu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
After more than twenty years working with industrial and municipal wastewater plants, I\u2019ve learned that foam is one of those […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-281","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-knowledge"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/281","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=281"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/281\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":282,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/281\/revisions\/282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=281"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=281"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/defoamingagent.net\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=281"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}